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Top Buyer Questions: Answers for Homebuyers

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Cheerful couple with keys to their new homeBuying a home is a significant milestone and a major financial decision. Whether you’re a first-time buyer or looking to move into your next home, you’re bound to have many questions about the process. To help make your journey smoother, we’ve compiled some of the most common buyer questions and provided detailed answers to each. This guide will help you make informed decisions and avoid common pitfalls.

How Much Can I Afford?

This is usually the first question buyers ask, and it’s crucial to figure out before you start your home search. The general rule of thumb is to spend no more than 25-30% of your monthly income on housing. That said, your affordability depends on a number of factors, including your income, debts, credit score, and the amount of your down payment.

To determine exactly what you can afford, consider getting pre-approved for a mortgage. A pre-approval will give you a better idea of what loan amount you’re eligible for and will make you a more attractive buyer to sellers.

What Is a Pre-Approval and Why Do I Need One?

A mortgage pre-approval is a lender’s estimate of how much money they’re willing to lend you based on your financial situation. It’s different from pre-qualification, which is a rough estimate of what you can borrow. Pre-approval involves a more thorough analysis of your credit score, income, and financial history.

Having a pre-approval in hand shows sellers that you’re a serious buyer, and it can give you an edge in a competitive market. It also helps you set a realistic budget before you start looking at homes.

How Much Do I Need for a Down Payment?

The amount needed for a down payment can vary based on the type of mortgage you choose. Traditionally, 20% of the home’s purchase price was the standard down payment. However, there are many loan options today that allow for much lower down payments—some as low as 3%.

For first-time buyers, there are government-backed loans like FHA loans, which require as little as 3.5% down. Keep in mind, though, that putting less than 20% down may require you to pay for private mortgage insurance (PMI), which adds to your monthly costs.

What Are Closing Costs?

Closing costs are the fees associated with finalizing your home purchase. They typically range from 2-5% of the home’s purchase price and can include appraisal fees, title insurance, attorney fees, and loan origination fees.

Some buyers forget to budget for closing costs, which can lead to surprises down the line. Be sure to discuss these costs with your lender early in the process, so you’re prepared when the time comes to close on your home.

How Long Does the Buying Process Take?

The timeline for buying a home can vary widely depending on market conditions, the type of financing you’re using, and the property you’re interested in. On average, it can take about 30-45 days from the time your offer is accepted to close on the home. However, if there are any complications with the appraisal, inspection, or financing, this timeline could be extended.

Should I Get a Home Inspection?

Yes, a home inspection is highly recommended. An inspection gives you a professional evaluation of the home’s condition, identifying any underlying issues that may not be visible during a walk-through. This can include problems with the roof, foundation, plumbing, or electrical systems.

While inspections aren’t always required, skipping one could lead to expensive repairs later on. An inspection provides peace of mind and, if problems are found, can be used as a negotiating tool to lower the price or ask the seller to make repairs.

How Do I Know If a Property Is a Good Investment?

When buying a home, especially if you plan to live in it long-term, you’ll want to consider its potential for appreciation. Look at factors such as the location, school district, and future developments in the area. Homes in desirable neighborhoods tend to hold their value better and may appreciate more quickly over time.

Also, consider the condition of the home. If it’s a fixer-upper, calculate the renovation costs and ensure they fit within your budget. A home that needs too much work might not be the best investment unless you’re prepared for a big project.

In all, buying a home can be a complex process, but asking the right questions will help you navigate it with confidence. From determining how much you can afford to understanding the importance of inspections, being informed can make your home-buying experience smoother and more enjoyable. Remember to consult with a real estate agent and mortgage lender to ensure you have all the information you need to make the best decisions for your financial future.

When Should You Sell an Investment?

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american dollars in the handsSelling an investment can be more difficult than buying one for many investors. When you buy an investment, you obviously have high hopes for how well that investment will perform. Unfortunately, it’s unlikely that every investment will meet your expectations. In that situation, holding on to your investment essentially means that you are not putting that money to its best use. Here’s a brief look at some of the signs that may indicate it is time to sell.

Changes in Investment Value

Experienced investors often establish a specific price target for an investment at the time they buy it. They also establish just how much of a decline from their purchase price they are willing to accept. If the security hits one of these two numbers, they sell. You may benefit from doing something similar. Decide on a percentage gain that you want from a particular investment and sell when it hits your target. Likewise, determine how much of a decline in the price of a security you are willing to accept and sell when the price falls to that target number.

An Investment’s Underperformance

You may opt to buy a specific investment because you have certain expectations for that investment. For example, you may buy stock in a company that you believe has a technology that is superior to anything currently available and has enormous potential for future profits. Or, you may buy a mutual fund* with a track record of strong long-term returns that you are optimistic will continue.** Short-term fluctuations in price are normal in investing. However, if you own stock in a company that loses money year after year or own shares of a mutual fund that consistently underperforms its benchmark index, selling may be the wiser option.

A Shift in Your Risk Tolerance

Your ability to handle the potential for losing some or all of your money in an investment is known as your risk tolerance and influences the types of investments you buy. You may find that, at some point, the risk level of an investment you own no longer matches your risk tolerance. It could also happen that your risk tolerance changes when, for example, you move closer to retirement. You may choose to sell an investment so that the asset allocation you have is more in line with your current situation.***

You Identify a Need to Rebalance Your Portfolio

Your investment portfolio may become unbalanced over time as some asset classes outperform other asset classes. When it gets to the point when one asset type comprises a larger or smaller percentage of your portfolio than you intended when first devising a suitable asset allocation, then you may consider selling some investments to rebalance your portfolio.

Determining when the time has come to sell an investment can be a tough decision. Emotions, fear of missing out, and other factors can cloud your judgement. That’s why the input of an experienced, objective financial professional can be so helpful in making investment decisions.

*You should consider the fund’s investment objectives, charges, expenses, and risks carefully before you invest. The fund’s prospectus, which can be obtained from your financial representative, contains this and other information about the fund. Read the prospectus carefully before you invest or send money. Shares, when redeemed, may be worth more or less than their original cost.

**Past performance does not guarantee future results.

***Asset allocation does not guarantee a profit or protect against loss.

7 Smart Ways to Improve Your Business Credit Score

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A Memo stick with How to improve your credit score inscription on the calculator.Your business credit score is more than just a number—it’s a key that can unlock better financing options, lower insurance premiums, and stronger supplier relationships. Whether you’re just starting out or looking to expand, a healthy business credit profile can give your company a significant advantage.

If your score isn’t quite where you want it to be, don’t worry. Here are seven proven ways to improve your business credit score and set your company up for long-term success:

1. Establish Your Business Credit Profile
Before you can improve your score, you need to make sure it exists.

Action Steps:

  • Register your business as a legal entity (LLC, S-Corp, etc.).
  • Get an Employer Identification Number (EIN) from the IRS.
  • Open a business bank account in your company’s name.
  • Apply for a D-U-N-S Number from Dun & Bradstreet (a major business credit bureau).

These foundational steps help credit bureaus recognize your business as a separate, creditworthy entity.

2. Pay Your Bills On Time (or Early)
This is the single most important factor in your business credit score.

Why it matters: Late payments damage your score. On-time (or early) payments can improve it, especially with vendors that report to credit bureaus.

Tip: Set up automatic payments or calendar reminders to avoid missed due dates.

3. Work With Vendors That Report to Credit Bureaus
Not all vendors and suppliers report your payments. Make sure the ones you work with do.

What to do:

  • Ask suppliers if they report to bureaus like Dun & Bradstreet, Experian Business, or Equifax Business.
  • Try to establish trade credit lines (Net-30, Net-60 accounts) with these vendors.

Over time, positive payment history will help raise your score.

4. Monitor Your Business Credit Reports Regularly
Errors and outdated information can drag your score down.

Steps to take:

  • Request and review your business credit reports from Dun & Bradstreet, Experian, and Equifax.
  • Dispute any inaccuracies promptly.

Bonus: Monitoring your reports also protects you from fraud or identity theft.

5. Keep Your Credit Utilization Low
Just like with personal credit, maxing out your business lines can hurt your score.

Best practice: Aim to use less than 30% of your available credit. For example, if you have a $10,000 business credit line, try not to carry a balance higher than $3,000.

Tip: If your usage is high, ask for a credit line increase to improve your utilization ratio.

6. Avoid Frequent Credit Applications
Every time you apply for credit, it can trigger a “hard inquiry” on your report, which may lower your score.

Advice: Only apply for new business credit when necessary. Multiple applications in a short time may be seen as a sign of financial distress.

7. Build a Mix of Credit Accounts
Lenders like to see that your business can handle different types of credit responsibly.

Examples include:

  • Business credit cards
  • Lines of credit
  • Equipment financing
  • Vendor or supplier accounts

Having a variety of accounts, all in good standing, can strengthen your profile.

Final Thoughts
Improving your business credit score won’t happen overnight, but consistent, smart financial habits will pay off over time. Think of it as an investment in your company’s future—one that can open doors to funding, partnerships, and growth opportunities.

Start by checking your credit report, setting payment reminders, and working with vendors who report to the bureaus. Bit by bit, you’ll build a credit profile that reflects the true strength and potential of your business.

How to Set Up a Bookkeeping Cycle in QuickBooks Online

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Young female financier with calculator working inside office at workplace, businesswoman behind paper work satisfied smiling, good achievement results, working with contract, accounts and charts.Do you have a regular schedule you follow with your QuickBooks Online work? It can be a good strategy.

Bookkeeping is cyclical. You tend to do the same things over and over, which may get to be a bit of a drag for you. QuickBooks Online can automate some processes, and it certainly helps minimize duplicate data entry, but you’ll undoubtedly find yourself growing weary of repetitive tasks.

We can’t help you avoid this drudgery completely, but we’d like to suggest a new, more organized way to attack your accounting tasks in 2025. It could be especially helpful if you’re a new QuickBooks Online user and don’t have a routine established yet. But even long-time users might find this routine helpful. It can keep things from slipping through the cracks and simply make you more productive and confident that you’re addressing all of your accounting issues.

Give it a try and see what you think.

What Should You Do Every Day?

Even if you don’t have expenses to enter or invoices to process, it’s a good idea to log into QuickBooks Online every day. If you’ve connected your online bank and credit cards to the site (which you absolutely should), there will probably be transactions to go over. So after you’ve taken a look at your Dashboard (especially your Tasks), hover your mouse over Transactions in the toolbar and click Bank transactions.

Click Update in the upper right to make sure you’re seeing the most recent transactions. If you’re doing this every day, it shouldn’t take long to go over the income and expenses that have been imported since you last logged in.

You should be looking at newly imported transactions daily and completing the fields provided as comprehensively as possible.

If you don’t know what Match or Record as transfer mean, we should schedule a session to go over transaction management in QuickBooks Online.

Every Week

You need to be monitoring your accounts receivable and payables on a weekly basis – at minimum. There are two ways to do this. You can:

Run reports.

• Click Reports in the toolbar and scroll down first to Who owes you. Run Accounts receivable aging summary. QuickBooks will display past-due transactions in several columns (Current, 1-30 days, 31-60 days, 61-90 days, and 91 and over). If you’re keeping up with your receivables, you shouldn’t be seeing numbers in most of the columns, unless you’re in a known collections process.

• Scroll down to What you owe and run Accounts payable aging summary. This works like the aging receivables report. Again, you shouldn’t be seeing much activity here unless you’re in a payment dispute with a vendor.

• You can also run the Open Invoices report to quickly see the Due date and Open balance entries here. Ditto the Unpaid Bills report.

Consult the All sales page.

Hover your mouse over Sales in the toolbar and click All sales. The colored bars and numbers at the top of the page show you the status of your sales. Click the orange bar in the middle to see a list of overdue invoices. If there are any, you can set a Send reminder by clicking the corresponding down arrow in the Action column. While you’re there, look at estimates and unbilled income and take any action needed.

Every Two Weeks (or more often, depending on product volume)

If you sell products and track inventory in QuickBooks Online, you should keep a close eye on your stock to see if you need to:

• Reorder,

• Bring in a larger supply because something is selling well, or,

• Discount or discontinue a product because it’s not selling.

Click Reports in the toolbar and run Product/Service List under Sales and customers and look at the Quantity on hand column.

Every Month

Reconcile your accounts (Transactions | Reconcile).

It’s really, really important that you reconcile your accounts every month. We can help you with this.

No one likes to do this, but it’s way easier to do regular reconciliations than it is to have to go back several months to track down a problem. If you’ve never done this in QuickBooks Online, it works similarly to how you used to reconcile your accounts by comparing a bank statement and your paper checkbook register. Only you’re comparing your bank or credit card statements to your accounts in QuickBooks Online. Before you start, make sure you’ve matched and categorized all of your downloaded transactions.

Run a Profit and Loss report for the last month.

Click Reports in the toolbar and click Profit and Loss under Business overview. Did you make a profit last month?

Every Quarter

If you’re planning to apply for a loan or looking for an investor, or if you just want a deeper understanding of how your business is doing, consider having us create and analyze standard financial reports for you, like the Balance Sheet and Statement of Cash Flows. You can run these yourself in QuickBooks Online, but it really takes an accountant’s eye to understand and interpret them.

If you decide that you want to work with us in any capacity, like helping you with reconciliation and/or modifying your Chart of Accounts, there’s another way we can help. If you ever have trouble categorizing an expense, select Uncategorized Expenses as the Category. If we’re meeting with you once a month, we can run a report on these and help you categorize them correctly.

What Is a 1031 Like-Kind Exchange?

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Close Up of a House Sold Sign on a Lawn in Front of a Big Modern House with Traditional Architecture. Housing Market Concept with Residential Property in the Countryside.A 1031 like-kind exchange, named after Section 1031 of the Internal Revenue Code, allows investors to defer capital gains taxes when exchanging one investment property for another of like kind. This tax-deferral strategy is widely used by real estate investors to grow their portfolios and optimize their tax liabilities.

How Does a 1031 Exchange Work?

A 1031 exchange enables property owners to sell a qualified investment or business property and reinvest the proceeds into another like-kind property while deferring capital gains taxes. The process involves several key steps:

  1. Sell a Qualified Property – The property being sold must be held for investment or business purposes.
  2. Identify a Replacement Property – The investor must identify potential replacement properties within 45 days of the sale.
  3. Use a Qualified Intermediary (QI) – A QI facilitates the transaction by holding the proceeds from the sale until the new property is purchased.
  4. Complete the Exchange Within 180 Days – The acquisition of the new property must be completed within 180 days of selling the original property.

Benefits of a 1031 Exchange

  • Tax Deferral – Investors can defer capital gains taxes, allowing them to reinvest more capital into new properties.
  • Portfolio Growth – By continuously leveraging 1031 exchanges, investors can upgrade and diversify their real estate holdings.
  • Wealth Preservation – Since capital gains taxes are deferred, investors can preserve more of their wealth and maximize long-term returns.

Rules and Restrictions

  • Like-Kind Property Requirement – The exchanged properties must be similar in nature and use, though they do not need to be identical.
  • Strict Timeframes – The 45-day identification period and 180-day exchange period must be strictly followed.
  • Qualified Use – Both the relinquished and replacement properties must be held for investment or business purposes.

Conclusion

A 1031 like-kind exchange is a powerful tool for real estate investors looking to defer taxes, grow their portfolios, and preserve wealth. Understanding the requirements and working with experienced tax and legal professionals can help ensure a successful exchange and compliance with IRS regulations.

Business Tax Planning for Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) Sunset

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Interest rate finance and mortgage rates. Wooden block with percentage sign on many level of stack of coin. Financial growth, interest rate increase, inflation, sale price and tax rise concept.The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) of 2017 introduced substantial tax reductions and incentives for businesses, many of which are set to expire by the end of 2025. As this sunset approaches, businesses must engage in strategic tax planning to mitigate potential financial impacts. This article outlines key considerations and strategies for businesses to prepare for the post-TCJA landscape.

Key Provisions Set to Expire

Several significant tax provisions benefiting businesses are scheduled to lapse, including:

  • Corporate Tax Rate Stability – The TCJA permanently lowered the corporate tax rate to 21%. However, potential legislative changes could lead to rate increases, making it essential for businesses to anticipate higher tax burdens.
  • Qualified Business Income Deduction (QBI) – Pass-through businesses (LLCs, S corporations, sole proprietorships) currently enjoy a 20% deduction on qualified business income. This deduction is set to expire, potentially increasing taxable income for these entities.
  • Bonus Depreciation – The TCJA allowed businesses to deduct 100% of the cost of eligible property in the year of acquisition. This provision is set to phase out gradually, reducing to 80% in 2023, 60% in 2024, and fully expiring in 2027.
  • Interest Expense Deduction Limitations – The TCJA limited the deduction of business interest expenses to 30% of adjusted taxable income. With the expiration, businesses may face tighter restrictions, impacting debt-financed operations.
  • Research & Development (R&D) Expensing – The immediate expensing of R&D costs may revert to a five-year amortization schedule, affecting businesses that rely on innovation and technological advancements.

Strategic Tax Planning Approaches

To navigate these impending changes, businesses should consider the following strategies:

  1. Accelerate Deductions and Capital Investments – Taking advantage of the remaining bonus depreciation and Section 179 expensing rules before they phase out can optimize deductions.
  2. Evaluate Business Structure – With the potential expiration of the QBI deduction, pass-through businesses may reassess their entity type and consider whether a C corporation structure is more tax-efficient.
  3. Optimize Interest Expense Planning – Businesses relying on debt financing should explore restructuring loans or increasing equity financing to minimize potential tax liabilities.
  4. Maximize R&D Credits – Companies engaged in research activities should ensure they are fully leveraging available tax credits before the amortization requirement takes effect.
  5. Plan for Potential Rate Increases – If corporate tax rates rise post-TCJA, businesses may benefit from accelerating income recognition under the current lower rates.

Conclusion

The sunset of the TCJA presents both challenges and opportunities for businesses. Proactive tax planning can help mitigate adverse impacts and maximize available benefits. Consulting with tax professionals and financial advisors will be essential in navigating the evolving tax landscape and ensuring continued profitability.

By taking strategic action now, businesses can position themselves for a smoother transition and financial stability in the post-TCJA era.