Nitya LLC – Accounting & Tax Tips Blog

Start-Up Costs for a Start-Up Business

January 5, 2026 by admin

investment concept, money for startup, fundraising, business man looking at dollar bags drawn by chalk Many people dream of going into business for themselves. If you have an entrepreneurial streak and think that you are ready to start your own business, you’ll first need to calculate how much money you’ll need to get started. You can anticipate spending money on the following.

Working Space
Starting out, you may decide that it makes sense to keep expenses down by operating your business from a spare bedroom or a garage in your home. If you choose this approach, your expenses will likely be for utilities, communication devices, and office supplies. If you plan to run your business out of an office, storefront, or other space that’s separate from your living quarters, you will need to estimate your upfront costs, such as a security deposit or closing costs. You’ll have to add in regular expenses, such as rent or mortgage payments and utilities. There may be other construction or decoration costs related to making the workspace suitable for your needs.

Necessary Equipment
Depending on the type of business you run, you may have to invest in expensive equipment. In addition, high-cost items, such as a delivery truck or custom appliances, can strain your budget. For particularly expensive items, it may be worthwhile to talk to a professional to help you determine whether buying or leasing makes more sense from a cash flow and tax perspective.

Permits and Licenses
Certain localities and states require new businesses to obtain a variety of permits and licenses before they can begin operations. Complying with these requirements can sometimes be both costly and time-consuming, so depending on where you intend to locate the business, you may want to contact the relevant governmental agencies well ahead of your planned opening date.

Insurance for Your Business
Any damages to your business premises due to water, ice, fire, or wind could be very costly and could impact your company’s financial health. Lawsuits or other legal claims could also set you back financially. However, the right type of insurance coverage can provide critical financial protection for your business against a wide range of potential threats. A financial professional can work with you to identify the types of insurance you will need. You may need, for example, a business owner’s policy that provides liability, property, and business interruption protection in a single policy.

Marketing and Advertising
Most start-up business have little money available for marketing purposes. However, you will need to spend money on creating a website and a logo. But there are low- or no-cost ways to market your business. Sponsor a local children’s sports team or a community event. A loyalty program that rewards members when they spend a certain amount of money can generate additional sales and can often succeed in keeping customers coming back to your business repeatedly. Also, consider product bundling, an effective sales promotion tool that involves selling several products or services as a single, combined unit, often at a discount. Finally, make certain that the content on your website is optimized for search engines. In addition, add your business to the business listings featured on Google and various other platforms.

Wages and Benefits
Be sure to familiarize yourself with the wage and hour laws that apply in your state if you anticipate hiring one or more people to work in your business. It’s important also that you understand your obligations as an employer when it comes to payroll taxes, workers’ compensation insurance, and employee benefits. The insights of a financial professional can be invaluable in helping ensure you understand state and federal labor laws.

Mastering Business Budget Forecasting: A Key to Smarter Financial Planning

December 16, 2025 by admin

Economic growth forecast, GDP prediction or business vision to grow investment or business, increase profit or earning improvement concept, businessman look on telescope on growth chart diagram.

Budget forecasting is a vital tool in the arsenal of any successful business. It enables leaders to make informed decisions, anticipate financial outcomes, allocate resources wisely, and steer the company toward long-term sustainability. Whether you’re a startup planning your first fiscal year or an established enterprise aiming for growth, mastering budget forecasting can be the difference between thriving and merely surviving.

What Is Business Budget Forecasting?
Budget forecasting is the process of estimating your business’s future financial performance based on historical data, current trends, and projected growth. Unlike a static budget, which outlines planned expenses and revenues for a specific period, a forecast is a dynamic model that evolves with changing conditions.

Forecasts can be short-term (monthly or quarterly) or long-term (annual or multi-year), and they help businesses:

Anticipate revenue
Manage expenses
Adjust strategies in response to market shifts
Secure funding or loans
Evaluate the feasibility of new initiatives

Key Components of a Budget Forecast
To create an effective forecast, you need a clear picture of both your income and expenses. Here are the core elements:

1. Revenue Projections
Estimate how much income your business will generate from sales or services. Use:

Historical sales data
Market trends
Sales pipeline analysis
Seasonality and economic indicators

2. Cost of Goods Sold (COGS)
Estimate the direct costs associated with producing your goods or delivering services. This helps determine gross margin.

3. Operating Expenses
Include fixed and variable costs such as:

Rent and utilities
Salaries and benefits
Marketing and advertising
Software and subscriptions
Professional services

4. Capital Expenditures
Plan for one-time or infrequent purchases like equipment, vehicles, or property upgrades.

5. Cash Flow and Working Capital
Factor in when money actually moves in and out, not just when it’s earned or incurred. A budget forecast should align closely with your cash flow forecast.

Steps to Create a Budget Forecast
1. Review Past Financial Performance
Start with a detailed analysis of your historical financials. Identify revenue patterns, seasonal fluctuations, and fixed vs. variable costs.

2. Set Clear Objectives
Are you aiming to grow, cut costs, expand into new markets, or maintain stability? Your goals will shape your assumptions and priorities.

3. Make Assumptions
Forecasting relies on assumptions about pricing, customer growth, market demand, inflation, and costs. Be realistic—and document these assumptions clearly.

4. Build the Forecast
Use spreadsheet software or financial forecasting tools to project revenue and expenses over your chosen time frame. Consider creating multiple scenarios:

Best-case scenario: Optimistic growth, strong sales
Worst-case scenario: Market contraction, higher costs
Most likely scenario: A balanced, data-driven estimate

5. Monitor and Update Regularly
Business conditions change. A good forecast isn’t static—it should be reviewed monthly or quarterly and adjusted based on performance and new data.

Tools and Software for Forecasting
Manual spreadsheets work for small businesses, but as complexity grows, consider tools like:

QuickBooks, Xero – For basic budgeting and tracking
Float, Fathom, LivePlan – For forecasting and cash flow planning
Excel with custom templates – For more control and customization

Common Forecasting Mistakes to Avoid

Overestimating revenue: Be conservative and base estimates on solid data.
Underestimating expenses: Don’t forget hidden or irregular costs.
Ignoring market trends: Economic shifts, regulations, and competitor moves matter.
Failing to update: Outdated forecasts are useless. Regular reviews are essential.
Relying on one scenario: Always plan for contingencies.

The Strategic Value of Budget Forecasting
Beyond financial control, budget forecasting fosters strategic thinking. It encourages:

Data-driven decision-making
Agility in uncertain times
Improved investor confidence
Accountability across departments

It’s not just about numbers—it’s about being proactive, resilient, and competitive.

Final Thoughts
Budget forecasting is not a one-time task; it’s an ongoing discipline that should be baked into your business operations. By forecasting carefully, you can avoid surprises, seize opportunities, and lead with confidence.

Remember: A business without a forecast is like a ship without a compass. Chart your course, check it often, and be ready to adjust with the tides.

Understanding Depreciation Deductions for Business Real Estate

November 16, 2025 by admin

Depreciation is one of the most powerful tax advantages available to real estate owners. If you own commercial property or use real estate in your business, depreciation deductions can significantly reduce your taxable income over time. However, many business owners miss out on maximizing these benefits due to a lack of understanding.

Here’s a clear and practical guide to how depreciation works for business real estate and how you can use it to your financial advantage.

What Is Real Estate Depreciation?
Depreciation is the process of deducting the cost of a long-term asset over its useful life. For real estate, this means that instead of writing off the full cost of a building in the year it was purchased, you gradually deduct portions of its value each year.

Importantly, land itself does not depreciate—only the building and certain improvements do.

Depreciation Basics for Business Property

Depreciable assets: Buildings, structural components (roof, HVAC, plumbing), and certain improvements
Non-depreciable assets: Land, inventory, and personal residences
Depreciation method: The IRS requires the Modified Accelerated Cost Recovery System (MACRS)
Depreciation period:
- Residential rental property: 27.5 years
- Commercial property: 39 years

How to Calculate Depreciation
Let’s say you buy a commercial building for $1 million, with land valued at $200,000. Only the building portion ($800,000) is depreciable.

Annual depreciation deduction = $800,000 ÷ 39 = $20,513 per year

That’s over $20,000 per year in tax deductions—without spending another dime.

Requirements for Depreciation

To claim depreciation on a property:

You must own the property (not lease it).
You must use it for business or income-producing purposes.
It must have a determinable useful life (expected to last more than a year).
The property must be placed in service (available for use) before you can begin depreciation.

Improvements vs. Repairs

Repairs (e.g., fixing a leak) are usually fully deductible in the year incurred.
Improvements (e.g., replacing the roof or adding a new HVAC system) must be capitalized and depreciated over time.

Bonus Depreciation and Section 179

Although buildings themselves must be depreciated over decades, certain components or improvements may qualify for bonus depreciation or Section 179 expensing, allowing you to deduct more upfront.

Bonus Depreciation: Temporarily allows 100% immediate expensing of qualified improvements (dropping to 80% in 2023 and phasing out by 2027 under current law).
Section 179: Allows immediate expensing of certain improvements, such as roofs, HVACs, and alarm systems, up to a limit ($1.22 million in 2024, subject to phaseouts).

These tools can accelerate deductions and improve cash flow.

Cost Segregation: Supercharge Your Depreciation

A cost segregation study breaks your building into components (e.g., flooring, lighting, fixtures) that can be depreciated faster—over 5, 7, or 15 years instead of 39.

While the study involves a cost (usually performed by specialists), the tax savings can be substantial—especially for high-value properties.

What Happens When You Sell? Depreciation Recapture

Depreciation lowers your taxable income, but it can also increase your tax bill when you sell.

Depreciation recapture: When you sell the property, the IRS may “recapture” depreciation and tax it at a maximum rate of 25%.
That doesn’t mean depreciation isn’t worth it—far from it—but you should plan ahead with your accountant or tax advisor to manage the exit strategy.

Documentation and Compliance

To stay compliant:

Keep detailed records of the purchase price, improvement costs, and depreciation schedules.
Use IRS Form 4562 to report depreciation each year.
Consult a tax professional to ensure accuracy and to explore strategies like cost segregation and bonus depreciation.

Final Thoughts
Depreciation deductions can significantly lower your tax liability and free up cash for reinvestment in your business. By understanding how to apply these rules to your commercial real estate, you can build wealth more efficiently and strategically.

Remember: Real estate doesn’t just appreciate in value—it also helps you depreciate your tax burden.

Tired of Typing? Use Recurring Transactions In QuickBooks Online

October 7, 2025 by admin

QuickBooks Online is good at saving you time and keystrokes. Here’s another way it helps avoid duplicate data entry.

Accounting is a repetitive process. As you prepare invoices and receipts and bills, and other sales and purchase forms, you undoubtedly grow weary of typing the same information over and over. Customer and vendor names, addresses, product and service descriptions – you practically memorize these details if you have to enter them frequently.

QuickBooks Online does that memorization for you. Once you’ve entered a detail like a customer’s shipping address or the cost of an item, you never have to supply it again. You only have to select data from lists when you’re creating a purchase order, for example.

But the site goes further. If you have to enter transactions on a regular basis that are identical or nearly identical, QuickBooks Online allows you to save them as recurring templates. When it’s time for them to go out, it gives you options for dispatching them depending on the need for any tweaking. Here’s how it works.

How Do You Make Transactions Recur?

The process is very simple. You start by creating a transaction that you’d like to repeat at intervals you specify. For example, you might send monthly invoices to some customers for lawn services. Enter the invoice details like you normally would, selecting a customer and the item or service descriptions and any other information that needs to be included.

When you’re done, click the Manage icon in the upper right, scroll down in the panel that opens on the right, and click Scheduling, then toggle on the button next to Make invoice recurring. In the Template name field, give it a descriptive name that you’ll associate with the invoice. Then click the down arrow in the field under Type.

QuickBooks Online gives you three options for managing your recurring transactions.

There are three ways you can ensure that the invoice goes out at its specified interval. They are:

● Scheduled. If you select this, your transaction will go out as scheduled with no intervention from you. Only the date will change. We urge caution with this one. Be sure you won’t want to change anything.
● Reminder. QuickBooks Online will send you a reminder ahead of the scheduled date. You can specify how many days ahead you should receive it. Then it’s up to you to make any necessary changes and send it out.
● Unscheduled. QuickBooks Online will do nothing except save your template. You can modify and use this at any time that’s appropriate.

Deal with the other Template options and scroll down to set up intervals and starting/ending dates if necessary. If you choose Unscheduled, you can save the template. For Reminder and Scheduled, though, be sure to complete the fields at the bottom of the pane before saving.

If you’re creating a Scheduled or Reminder invoice template, you’ll need to complete the fields at the bottom of the Recurring settings pane.

NOTE: These instructions are based on QuickBooks Online’s new invoice format. It’s possible that your account is still using the old format. If that’s the case, or if you’re creating another type of transaction that will recur (like a bill) you will see a link at the bottom of the form that says Make recurring. Your other options will remain the same.

How Do You Use Recurring Transactions?

When you want to modify or use a recurring transaction, click the gear icon in the upper right of the page and select Recurring transactions under Lists. A table containing all of the ones you’ve created will open. There are multiple columns in this table that provide a lot of information about each transaction. They are Template Name, Type, Txn (Transaction) Type, Interval, Previous Date, Next Date, Customer/Vendor, and Amount.

● The final column, Action, lists the options you have for each type of recurring transaction. For Unscheduled Invoices, you’ll most likely Use them, though you can also Edit them. If you set up a transaction as a Reminder, you can do the following to it:
● Edit (edit the template, not the transaction)
● Use (opens the original transaction that you can edit, save, and send)
● Duplicate (duplicate the template)
● Pause (stop sending reminders temporarily)
● Skip next date
● Delete

Your time as a business owner is valuable. Don’t waste any of it doing duplicate data entry. Creating recurring transactions in QuickBooks Online is one way of minimizing keystrokes and using the time savings to manage other elements of your business. If you have any questions about what we discussed here or are struggling with any other features in QuickBooks Online, don’t hesitate to contact us to schedule an appointment.

How to Properly Manage Your Business Cash Flow

September 16, 2025 by admin

Cash flow is the lifeblood of any business. Regardless of how innovative your product is or how many sales you generate, if there’s not enough cash available to cover day-to-day expenses, your business could quickly find itself in trouble. Managing cash flow effectively ensures your company remains financially healthy and resilient during economic ups and downs. Here’s a comprehensive guide to help you properly manage your business cash flow.

1. Understand What Cash Flow Really Means
Cash flow refers to the movement of money in and out of your business. There are two types:

Positive Cash Flow: More money is coming in than going out.
Negative Cash Flow: More money is leaving than coming in.

While short-term negative cash flow may not be fatal, persistent issues can lead to insolvency. Understanding the timing and sources of cash inflows and outflows is critical.

2. Forecast Your Cash Flow
Creating a cash flow forecast helps anticipate future cash shortages and surpluses. This should be a rolling forecast, updated monthly (or even weekly) to reflect changes in the business environment.

Key components of a forecast include:

Projected income (sales, loans, investments)
Fixed and variable expenses (rent, utilities, payroll, inventory)
One-off expenses (equipment, marketing campaigns)

By forecasting ahead, you can spot potential issues and plan how to deal with them before they become serious problems.

3. Accelerate Receivables
Waiting too long to collect money can starve your business of needed cash. Implement strategies to speed up receivables:

Send invoices promptly
Offer early payment discounts
Use digital invoicing systems
Follow up on overdue payments quickly
Consider invoice factoring if needed

4. Manage Payables Wisely
While it’s tempting to pay every bill as soon as it arrives, good cash flow management means holding onto cash as long as it makes sense:

Take full advantage of supplier payment terms
Negotiate better terms when possible
Avoid late fees, which can damage supplier relationships

Be strategic: prioritize payments that affect operations (payroll, rent, key suppliers) and delay less critical expenses if needed.

5. Control Inventory Levels
Excess inventory ties up cash that could be used elsewhere. Use inventory management systems to track usage trends and optimize purchasing:

Implement just-in-time (JIT) inventory where feasible
Identify slow-moving stock and find ways to liquidate it
Work with suppliers on flexible ordering

6. Build a Cash Reserve
Having an emergency cash cushion can prevent panic during slow periods. Set aside a percentage of profits each month until you have 3–6 months of operating expenses saved.

7. Monitor and Analyze Cash Flow Regularly
Use accounting software or dashboards to monitor your cash flow in real time. Regularly analyze key metrics like:

Operating cash flow
Days sales outstanding (DSO)
Days payable outstanding (DPO)
Cash conversion cycle (CCC)

Reviewing this data will help you spot patterns and make better financial decisions.

8. Cut Unnecessary Costs
Lean operations often translate into stronger cash flow. Audit your expenses regularly:

Cancel unused subscriptions
Outsource non-core functions
Switch to cost-effective suppliers
Automate routine tasks to reduce labor costs

9. Secure Financing Before You Need It
If you foresee a future cash gap, explore financing options early while your financials are strong:

Business lines of credit
Short-term loans
Equity investment

Having financing in place can provide a buffer during lean periods without panic borrowing.

10. Educate Your Team
Cash flow isn’t just the finance department’s concern. Train department heads and team leaders on budgeting, purchasing, and financial responsibility. A company-wide culture of financial awareness leads to smarter spending decisions across the board.

Final Thoughts
Properly managing your business’s cash flow isn’t just about survival—it’s about building a strong foundation for sustainable growth. With proactive forecasting, tight control over receivables and payables, strategic spending, and continuous monitoring, your business will be better prepared to weather financial challenges and seize new opportunities.

Remember: Revenue is vanity, profit is sanity, but cash is king. Treat it that way.

3 Ways to Receive Payments in QuickBooks Online

August 16, 2025 by admin

One of the biggest challenges small businesses face is managing a steady cash flow. Keeping income ahead of expenses is a constant balancing act. QuickBooks Online can help. With easy-to-use forms and a convenient mobile app, it helps you track and deposit incoming payments with ease.

Do you ever receive instant payments for certain products or services? Ever need to record a sale on the go—both for your records and your customer’s? Or maybe you send out invoices and want to ensure payments are accurately logged once they come in. QuickBooks Online has you covered in all these scenarios. Plus, it offers automation tools that speed up the payment process—so you can get paid faster and focus on growing your business.

Let Customers Pay Online

If your business sends invoices for products or services, QuickBooks Online makes it easy to record customer payments. While you can manually enter payments, there’s a faster, more efficient option: QuickBooks Payments. This built-in merchant service lets you accept credit card and bank payments electronically—helping you get paid quicker and streamlining your cash flow.

Once QuickBooks Payments is set up in QuickBooks Online (contact us if you need help), your invoices will include integrated payment options for credit cards and electronic checks. Each invoice will feature a payment button, allowing customers to easily enter their payment information. You’ll be able to track when an invoice is viewed, paid, and deposited. Simply open your list of invoices and click on one to view its details. A timeline panel will slide out from the right side, showing the invoice’s history and status. Plus, you can opt to receive notifications for invoice activity.

If you prefer to record payments manually, find the unpaid invoice in your list and click the Receive Payment link at the end of the row. This opens the Receive Payment screen, where you can fill in any missing details and save. You can also find the same link on the invoice screen itself or from the Invoices page (SalesInvoices).

You can receive payments manually in QuickBooks Online from an invoice itself or from the Invoices page.

There’s no cost for setting up a pay-as-you-go account in QuickBooks Payments. There are only per-transaction fees:

● ACH bank payments are 1%.

● It’s 3.5% if the payment comes in through an invoice (Apple Pay, Google Pay, credit cards, etc.) or if the payments are keyed in.

● If you swipe a card, you’ll pay 2.4%

There’s also a $0.30 fee per transaction. Transaction fees are slightly lower if you pay $20 per month. Payments that come in before 3 p.m. PT should be in your account the next business day.

Accepting Payments Through GoPayment

To take payments while you’re on the road, you’ll need a free mobile card reader from Intuit that connects to your smartphone. It supports tap, chip, and digital wallet payments. You can also manually enter card details (see above rates). To process transactions, you’ll need to download the GoPayment app, available for iOS and Android. The app lets you add product names, prices, and images to make checkout faster and easier. Multiple layers of security are in place to help protect your data during mobile transactions.

Receiving Instant Payments

Sometimes, you’ll receive payment right after delivering a product or service. In these cases, QuickBooks Online allows you to create and provide a sales receipt on the spot. Just click +New in the upper left corner, then select Sales Receipt in the Customers section. The form that opens will look similar to an invoice or estimate. Choose the customer in the upper left corner, and fill out the remaining details as you normally would. When you’re finished, click Save and send to email the receipt. You’ll have the option to preview it before sending and to print it.

The Undeposited Funds Account

The Undeposited Funds account in the QuickBooks Online Chart of Accounts

If your customer paid you on the spot with a credit card, that payment would be processed in your QuickBooks Payments merchant center. But what about a physical check? QuickBooks Online defaults to the Undeposited Funds account for sales transactions. You can change this, but we don’t recommend it. This account temporarily holds payments—typically cash and checks—that haven’t yet been deposited into your bank.

It’s a good idea to review this account regularly to ensure you’re not leaving funds languishing. Hover your mouse over the Transactions link in the toolbar and click Chart of Accounts. Scroll down until you find it, as pictured above. To combine the transactions in the Undeposited Funds account to make a bank deposit, click +New in the upper left corner and then click Bank deposit under Other. Make sure the Account in the upper left corner is set to the account where you want to deposit the funds. Click the box in front of each check you want to deposit (or Select all), then Save.

To see your deposit information, click Reports in the toolbar, then click Deposit Detail under Sales and Customers. You’ll have to list the deposits individually on your physical deposit slip. Make sure that the slip matches what you see in QuickBooks Online.

If you need help or have questions, feel free to contact us to schedule a consultation. While the process of receiving payments isn’t overly complicated, it’s essential to ensure every payment is recorded accurately and deposited correctly into your bank accounts.